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Fetal plasma prolactin levels.

A J Winters, C Colston, P C MacDonald

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study measured prolactin levels in fetuses and newborns, finding significant increases during gestation. These prolactin levels, along with estrogen and ACTH, may influence fetal adrenal cortex development and newborn involution.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Biology
    • Neonatal Physiology

    Background:

    • Prolactin is a key hormone with diverse physiological roles.
    • The developmental trajectory of prolactin in fetal and neonatal stages is not fully understood.
    • Potential interactions between prolactin, estrogen, and adrenal hormones in fetal development warrant investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify prolactin concentrations in fetal, neonatal, and adult plasma.
    • To investigate the relationship between gestational age and prolactin levels.
    • To explore the potential involvement of prolactin, estrogen, and ACTH in fetal adrenal cortex development.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was employed to measure prolactin levels.
    • Plasma samples were collected from umbilical cords (fetuses), neonates, and adults.

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  • Gestational age was correlated with measured prolactin concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Prolactin levels in fetal plasma significantly increased with advancing gestational age (16-19 weeks: 53 ng/ml; 20-34 weeks: 233 ng/ml; 35-42 weeks: 371 ng/ml).
    • Neonatal prolactin levels decreased to 218 ng/ml during the first week of life.
    • Observed patterns suggest a correlation between prolactin, estrogen levels, and adrenal weights.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolactin levels exhibit a distinct pattern during fetal development, rising with gestational age.
    • The decrease in prolactin post-birth coincides with involution of the fetal adrenal cortex.
    • Prolactin, estrogen, and ACTH are likely implicated in the growth and subsequent regression of the fetal adrenal cortex.