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Mental and cognitive performance in the cold.

L A Palinkas1

  • 1Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.

International Journal of Circumpolar Health
|October 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Cold exposure impacts cognitive functions like attention and memory. While hypothermia effects are known, non-hypothermic impacts on cognition and mood require further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive functions (vigilance, attention, memory, motivation) are crucial for adapting to cold exposure.
  • Cold environments pose environmental and health hazards, necessitating intact cognitive function for safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the effects of cold temperatures on cognitive performance and mood.
  • To review existing evidence on both hypothermic and non-hypothermic effects of cold on cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing studies on cold exposure and cognitive/mood effects.
  • Analysis of dose-response relationships between core body temperature decline and cognitive decrements.
  • Examination of task complexity in relation to cognitive performance under cold conditions.

Main Results:

  • Hypothermic effects on cognition and mood are well-documented.
  • Evidence for non-hypothermic cold effects on cognition and mood is inconsistent.
  • A dose-response relationship exists between declining core body temperature, task complexity, and cognitive performance decrements.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms (distraction vs. arousal) behind cold-induced cognitive changes.
  • The efficacy of pharmacological and nutritional countermeasures for mitigating cold's cognitive effects remains to be tested.

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