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Related Experiment Videos

Secondhand smoke induces allergic sensitization in mice.

R Rumold1, M Jyrala, D Diaz-Sanchez

  • 1Hart and Louise Lyon Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1680, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure can induce allergic sensitization in mice, even to harmless antigens. This suggests ETS may be a significant risk factor for developing allergies in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link maternal smoking to childhood atopy.
  • The role of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in atopic sensitization remains debated.
  • ETS is known to augment existing allergic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ETS can initiate a Th2 response.
  • To determine if ETS induces primary allergic sensitization to antigens.
  • To explore the mechanism behind ETS as an allergy risk factor.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA), ETS, or both for 10 consecutive days.
  • OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels were measured post-exposure.
  • Mice were re-exposed to OVA, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed.

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  • Cytokine levels (IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-2, IFN-gamma) were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Mice exposed to both OVA and ETS developed OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, unlike those exposed to OVA alone.
    • Re-exposure to OVA induced eosinophil influx in the OVA/ETS group.
    • Elevated IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-2 levels were observed in the OVA/ETS group.
    • IFN-gamma levels were significantly inhibited in the OVA/ETS group.

    Conclusions:

    • ETS can induce allergic sensitization to normally harmless antigens.
    • The study provides a potential mechanism for ETS as a risk factor for childhood allergies.
    • ETS exposure may skew the immune response towards a Th2 phenotype, promoting allergy development.