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Neonatal goiter caused by expectorant usage.

I Bostanci1, A Sarioģlu, H Ergin

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. ebb@e-kolay.net

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|October 11, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Maternal use of potassium iodide during pregnancy can induce neonatal goiter, leading to hypothyroidism and potential respiratory obstruction in newborns. This case highlights the critical need for medical guidance on iodine intake during gestation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Maternal iodine intake during pregnancy is crucial for fetal thyroid development.
  • Excessive iodine exposure, particularly from non-prescribed sources, can disrupt fetal thyroid function.
  • Congenital goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland in newborns, can present with various clinical manifestations.

Observation:

  • A female neonate presented with respiratory distress, hypotonicity, myxedema, and a significant neck mass.
  • Ultrasonography revealed a markedly enlarged thyroid gland.
  • Thyroid function tests indicated severe hypothyroidism (low T3, low T4, high TSH).

Findings:

  • The neonate's condition was attributed to drug-induced neonatal goiter secondary to maternal potassium iodide (expectorant) use.

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  • The enlarged goiter posed a risk of life-threatening respiratory tract obstruction.
  • Hypothyroidism was confirmed by hormonal assays.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of maternal awareness regarding medication use during pregnancy.
    • Congenital goiters, especially when causing airway compromise, require prompt diagnosis and management.
    • Monitoring fetal thyroid function and neonatal thyroid status is essential in cases of maternal iodine exposure.