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Diffusion MRI studies of experimental animal models and patients with stroke
G C Zheng1, L Tieqiang, T Hindmarsh
1Karolinska MR Research Center, Building N8, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Purpose:
This overview summarises the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results both from the experimental animal model studies and clinical investigations in acute cerebral ischemic stroke.
Data Sources:
An English literature searched using MEDLINE (1990-1997).
Study Selection:
Over 80 papers and reviews published in the last eight years and our partial results were selected.
Results And Conclusions:
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been extensively used to study acute cerebral ischemia both in experimental animal models and in patients. DWI yields signal intensity contrast modulated by water molecular self-diffusion. By recording a series of DWI with different amplitudes of the displacement encoding gradient, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can be quantitatively mapped. DWI combined with quantitative ADC mapping can provide earlier and more precise evaluation of the ischemic zones. However, the biophysical mechanisms behind the decreased ADC in acute cerebral ischemia are still not fully understood.
Insights
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) offers early, precise evaluation of acute ischemic stroke in animal models and patients. Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping aids in identifying ischemic zones, though underlying mechanisms require further study.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Radiology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Acute cerebral ischemic stroke is a critical neurological condition.
- Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key diagnostic tool.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize diffusion MRI findings in experimental and clinical acute ischemic stroke.
- To review the application of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of MEDLINE (1990-1997).
- Selection of over 80 relevant papers and reviews.
- Inclusion of partial in-house results.
Main Results:
- DWI is extensively used in both animal models and human patients for acute cerebral ischemia.
- DWI contrast is modulated by water molecular self-diffusion.
- Quantitative ADC mapping provides precise evaluation of ischemic zones.
Conclusions:
- DWI and ADC mapping enable earlier and more accurate identification of ischemic areas.
- The biophysical mechanisms underlying decreased ADC in acute ischemia are not fully elucidated.
- Further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes driving ADC changes.