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Trace elements in king eiders and common eiders in the Canadian arctic.

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  • 1Environment Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Centre, 115 Perimeter Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4, Canada. mark.wayland@ec.gc.ca

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Avian ecology
  • Arctic wildlife health

Background:

  • Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable to contaminants.
  • Eider ducks are important indicators of Arctic marine health.
  • Understanding trace element burdens is crucial for assessing wildlife health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify trace element concentrations in king and common eiders.
  • To compare element levels between species and geographic locations.
  • To investigate potential correlations between trace elements and health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue samples (renal, hepatic) collected from eiders at three Canadian Arctic sites.
  • Analysis of selected trace elements including cadmium, mercury, zinc, and selenium.
  • Statistical analysis to compare concentrations and identify correlations with body mass, spleen mass, and parasite load.

Main Results:

  • Highest recorded cadmium concentrations in king eiders from the eastern Arctic.
  • Species and location-specific differences in cadmium, mercury, and zinc levels.
  • Trace element concentrations were below established toxicity thresholds.
  • Negative correlations between mercury and body/spleen mass; positive correlation with parasites in common eiders.
  • No histopathological evidence of trace metal poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • While some trace element levels were high, they did not reach toxic levels in these eider populations.
  • No direct evidence links current trace metal exposure to adverse health effects in the studied eiders.
  • Further monitoring is warranted given the potential for bioaccumulation in Arctic food webs.