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Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

Overview
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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In-vitro developmental potential of individual mouse blastomeres cultured with and without zona pellucida: future implications for human assisted reproduction.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2006
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Possible therapy of male infertility by reproductive cloning: one cloned human 4-cell embryo.

Archives of andrology·2006
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Efficient blastomere biopsy for mouse embryo splitting for future applications in human assisted reproduction.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2006
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Tissue perfusion essential for spermatogenesis and outcome of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for assisted reproduction.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2004
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[The evaluation of the second-look operation of patients with ovarian carcinoma and tubal carcinoma by means of a retrospective comparison study].

Gynakologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau·2002
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Cloning and risk factors.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2001
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System
09:40

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

Cloning in reproductive medicine.

K Illmensee1

  • 1Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria. johanna.ulmer@uibk.ac.at

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|October 16, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This review covers mammalian cloning history, advances, and risks. Future biotechnology and stem cell progress promise benefits for reproductive and regenerative medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mammalian cloning has a significant history, evolving with technological advancements.
  • Reproductive cloning faces ongoing ethical and safety considerations.
  • Therapeutic and diagnostic cloning offer potential medical breakthroughs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical trajectory of mammalian cloning.
  • To present current advancements and identify risk factors in reproductive cloning.
  • To explore clinical applications of therapeutic/diagnostic cloning and commercial trends in pharmaceutical cloning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current research in mammalian cloning.
  • Analysis of advancements in reproductive, therapeutic, and diagnostic cloning techniques.

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A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
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A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System
09:40

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
04:36

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning

Published on: December 19, 2025

  • Examination of prospective commercial applications and associated risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Mammalian cloning has progressed significantly from early attempts to current sophisticated techniques.
    • Identified risk factors associated with reproductive cloning require careful consideration.
    • Therapeutic and diagnostic cloning show promise for clinical applications.
    • Pharmaceutical cloning presents emerging commercial trends.

    Conclusions:

    • Continued progress in biotechnology and stem cell engineering is anticipated.
    • These advancements are expected to benefit patient health.
    • Novel applications in reproductive and regenerative medicine are foreseen.