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Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral T-cell neoplasms. A multiparameter flow cytometric approach
S Jamal1, L J Picker, D B Aquino
1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9073, USA.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|October 17, 2001
Summary
Multiparameter flow cytometry reveals most peripheral T-cell neoplasms (PTCNs) show aberrant T-cell antigen expression. Careful interpretation against normal T-cell populations is crucial for accurate PTCN diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Peripheral T-cell neoplasms (PTCNs) are a diverse group of lymphoid malignancies.
- Accurate diagnosis of PTCNs is essential for appropriate patient management.
- Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a key diagnostic tool for hematologic malignancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of MFC in identifying aberrant immunophenotypic patterns in PTCNs.
- To compare MFC findings in PTCNs with a comprehensive panel of nonneoplastic T-cell populations.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of MFC data from 50 PTCN cases.
- Analysis of T-cell antigen expression, defining aberrations relative to normal T-cell populations.
- Confirmation of PTCN diagnoses using morphology and/or molecular analysis.
Main Results:
- Aberrant immunophenotypic patterns were detected in 46 of 50 (92%) PTCNs.
- Most PTCNs exhibited abnormal expression (dim, bright, or absent) of T-cell antigens like CD3, CD7, CD5, and CD2.
- Only 3 cases were abnormal solely due to population expansion; others showed unique antigenic profiles.
Conclusions:
- Multiparameter flow cytometry is highly effective in detecting aberrant immunophenotypes in PTCNs.
- Distinguishing PTCNs from nonneoplastic T-cell populations requires a thorough understanding of normal T-cell antigen expression ranges.
- MFC findings, when interpreted in the context of normal T-cell immunophenotypes, are critical for diagnosing PTCNs.
