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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[Role of changes in the transmembrane ion currents in pathological states of the body].

Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk·2003
Same author

[Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as elements of mechanism of intracellular signaling in neurons].

Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova·1999
Same author

Investigations of calcium homeostasis mechanisms in nerve cells and their alterations during brain pathology.

Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova·1997
Same author

[Nikolaĭ Nikalaevich Sirotinin and his school].

Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk·1997
Same author

[Possible molecular mechanisms of brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria].

Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia·1992
Same author

[Calcium ions as second messengers in the nerve cell (a topical article)].

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

[Calcium ions and the nervous system plasticity].

P G Kostiuk1

  • 1Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Ukraine, 252024, Kiev, Bogomoletz St., 4.

Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal Imeni I.M. Sechenova
|October 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary

The nervous system

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Context:

  • The nervous system exhibits remarkable flexibility.
  • Plasticity is a key feature of neuronal function.
  • Intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) play a crucial role.

Purpose:

  • To review the mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ in neural plasticity.
  • To explore Ca2+ signaling in developmental, mature, and aging nervous systems.

Summary:

  • Changes in free calcium ions (Ca2+) in the cytosol are central to nervous system plasticity.
  • Calcium signals activate intracellular pathways that modify neuronal structure and function throughout life.
  • This review details Ca2+ mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity, synaptic plasticity, and age-related decline in plasticity.

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
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Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

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Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
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Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of calcium's role in neural plasticity.
  • Highlights the molecular basis of lifelong learning and memory.
  • Informs research on neurodegenerative diseases and aging.