Brucella abortus in coyotes. I. A serologic and bacteriologic survey in eastern Texas

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Microbiology
• Wildlife Disease Ecology
• Zoonotic Disease Research

Background:

• Brucella abortus poses a significant threat to livestock and public health.
• Understanding wildlife reservoirs is crucial for effective disease control.
• Coyotes are increasingly recognized as potential carriers of various pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus serum antibodies in coyotes in east central Texas.
• To isolate and identify Brucella species from infected coyotes.
• To investigate potential transmission routes, including congenital transmission.

Main Methods:

• Serum samples from 51 coyotes were tested using buffered Brucella antigen (card test), rivanol, standard agglutination tube, and cold complement fixation tube tests.
• Bacteriologic culture was performed on various tissues from 43 coyotes to isolate Brucella.
• Serological and microbiological data were analyzed to determine infection rates and identify the causative biotype.

Main Results:

• Eighteen percent (9 of 51) of coyotes tested positive for Brucella abortus serum antibodies.
• Brucella abortus biotype 1 was successfully isolated from the tissues of 7 of 43 coyotes.
• Evidence of congenital transmission of Brucella abortus was identified in the study population.

Conclusions:

• Coyotes in east central Texas harbor Brucella abortus, indicating their role as a potential reservoir.
• The isolation of B. abortus biotype 1 confirms active infection within the coyote population.
• Congenital transmission suggests efficient vertical spread, impacting disease dynamics in wildlife.