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Cross-sectional survey of intralymphocytic and serum elements in hypertensive patients
1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
Insights
Essential hypertension is linked to altered levels of sodium and calcium in both serum and lymphocytes. These elemental imbalances may indicate genetic defects in cell membrane ion transport systems.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Essential hypertension is a complex cardiovascular disease with multifactorial etiology.
- Imbalances in essential and trace elements have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
- Understanding elemental distribution in specific cell types may offer insights into hypertension mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distribution of common and trace elements in serum and lymphocytes of patients with essential hypertension.
- To analyze the potential role of these elements in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
- To explore possible genetic links related to elemental distribution in hypertension.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 102 hypertensive patients and 102 matched normotensive controls.
- Measurement of serum and intralymphocytic concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and P using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICPS).
- Statistical analysis including stepwise regression and multiple variance analysis to correlate element concentrations with blood pressure and family history.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher serum and intralymphocytic concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ were observed in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive controls.
- Systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant correlations with age, serum Na+/K+ ratio, and intralymphocytic Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations.
- Elevated serum Ca2+ and lymphocytic Na+ were found in hypertensives regardless of family history, while intralymphocytic Na+ was higher in normotensives with a positive family history.
Conclusions:
- The observed elemental distribution patterns in hypertensive patients suggest potential defects in the cell membrane ion-transporting system.
- These ion-transport abnormalities may be genetically linked, contributing to the development of essential hypertension.
- Further research into ion transport mechanisms and genetic factors is warranted for a comprehensive understanding of hypertension pathogenesis.
Objective:
To investigate the distribution characteristics of some common and trace elements in both serum and lymphocyte in patients with essential hypertension and to analyse their possible role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 102 hypertensive patients matched with equal number of normotensive subjects by sex, age, and hypertensive family history; all of them were randomly selected from the same community. Both intralymphocytic and serum concentrations of some relevant elements including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and P were measured for all studied subjects, using the inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICPS).
Results:
1. Both intralymphocytic and serum concentrations of Na+ (P = 0.009, 0.004 respectively), and Ca2+ (P = 0.001, 0.049 respectively) in hypertensive group were significantly higher than those in the normotensives. 2. Stepwise regression analysis disclosed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure had significant correlation with age, serum Na+/K+ ratio and intralymphocytic Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations (P < 0.001 for both). 3. According to hypertensive family history, the method of multiple variance analysis had been employed for 4 subgroups and the results revealed that the concentrations of serum Ca2+ and lymphocytic Na+ were significantly higher in hypertensives with or without family history than in normotensives without family history. Furthermore, intralymphocytic Na+ concentration was significantly higher in normotensives with positive family history than that in normotensives without family history.
Conclusion:
The serum and intralymphocytic distribution characteristics of elements in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls suggested that there might exist certain defects of the ion-transporting system on cell membrane which might be genetically linked.