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Related Experiment Videos

Phylogenetic aspects of the complement system.

I K Zarkadis1, D Mastellos, J D Lambris

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patra, Greece.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|October 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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The complement system, crucial for innate and adaptive immunity, shows diverse evolution across vertebrates. Its components and pathways appeared gradually, with unique diversity in some species enhancing immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Two main immunity systems exist: innate (natural) and adaptive (acquired).
  • The complement system is vital in higher vertebrates for both innate and adaptive immunity, and immune regulation.
  • In lower vertebrates, complement is activated via alternative and lectin pathways, primarily for opsonization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the evolutionary history of the complement system in vertebrates.
  • To investigate the structural and functional diversity of complement components in poikilotherms.
  • To hypothesize the role of complement diversity in immune capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of complement pathways across vertebrate lineages.
  • Examination of gene duplication events for complement components.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of recent studies on complement receptors in lower vertebrates.

    • Main Results:

    • The classical complement pathway emerged with immunoglobulins in cartilaginous fish.
    • Poikilothermic vertebrates possess well-developed complement systems similar to homeotherms.
    • Some poikilotherms exhibit diverse complement components (e.g., C3, factor B), exceeding that of higher vertebrates.

    Conclusions:

    • The complement system is present throughout deuterostome evolution.
    • Complement activation and regulation mechanisms developed in parallel.
    • Remarkable diversity in complement components may enhance innate immune recognition and response in certain species.