Systems of biochemical reactions from the point of view of a semigrand partition function

R A Alberty1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. alberty@mit.edu

Biophysical Chemistry
|October 18, 2001
PubMed

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them into different...
Reaction Quotient02:35

Reaction Quotient

The status of a reversible reaction is conveniently assessed by evaluating its reaction quotient (Q). For a reversible reaction described by m A + n B ⇌ x C + y D, the reaction quotient is derived directly from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation as
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
Introduction to Chemical Reactions01:23

Introduction to Chemical Reactions

All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the elements—are all...
The Reaction Gibbs Energy01:29

The Reaction Gibbs Energy

The reaction Gibbs energy (ΔrG) is a crucial parameter that determines whether a reaction will occur spontaneously or not. It can be used to categorize reactions into two types: exergonic and endergonic.Exergonic reactions are those in which ΔrG is less than zero. This implies that these reactions can occur spontaneously without an external input of energy. In biological systems, a typical example of an exergonic reaction is the oxidation of carbohydrates. This reaction produces simple...