Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Energy00:58

Energy

12.8K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun—the ultimate energy source. For instance, plants capture light energy from the Sun, and through the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or...
12.8K
Conservation of Energy00:54

Conservation of Energy

9.0K
The terms 'conserved quantity' and 'conservation law' have specific scientific meanings in physics, which differ from the meanings associated with their everyday use. For example, in everyday usage, water could be conserved by not using it, by using less of it, or by re-using it. However, in scientific terms, a conserved quantity of a system stays constant, changes by a definite amount that is transferred to other systems, and is converted into other forms of that...
9.0K
Conservation of Mechanical Energy01:05

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

18.3K
The mechanical energy E of a system is the sum of its potential energy U and the kinetic energy K of the objects within it. What happens to this mechanical energy when only conservative forces cause energy transfers within the system—that is, when frictional and drag forces do not act on the objects in the system? Also assume that the system is isolated from its environment; in other words no external force from an object outside the system causes energy changes inside the system.
When a...
18.3K
Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

7.2K
Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
All the terms in the equation have the dimension of energy per unit volume. The kinetic energy per unit volume is called the kinetic energy density, and the potential energy per unit volume is...
7.2K
Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

1.1K
Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
1.1K
Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

1.2K
Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploration during early life: distribution, habitat and orientation preferences in juvenile king penguins.

Movement ecology·2019
Same author

Demographic, endocrine and behavioral responses to mirex in the South polar skua.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2017
Same author

Using stable-isotope analysis of feathers to distinguish moulting and breeding origins of seabirds.

Oecologia·2017
Same author

High annual variability in reproductive success and survival of an Antarctic seabird, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea : A 27-year study.

Oecologia·2017
Same author

Corticosterone, prolactin and egg neglect behavior in relation to mercury and legacy POPs in a long-lived Antarctic bird.

The Science of the total environment·2014
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

13.0K

Energy saving in flight formation.

H Weimerskirch1, J Martin, Y Clerquin

  • 1Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.

Nature
|October 19, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large birds like great white pelicans save significant energy when flying in V formation. This energy saving is likely a key factor in the evolution of flocking behavior for migrating birds.

More Related Videos

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator
03:49

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator

Published on: May 19, 2023

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption
10:36

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption

Published on: November 3, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

13.0K
Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator
03:49

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator

Published on: May 19, 2023

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption
10:36

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption

Published on: November 3, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • Many large bird species exhibit flocking behavior, often flying in V formations.
  • Potential benefits include reduced flight power demands, optimized energy expenditure, and improved group orientation through communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the energy expenditure of great white pelicans flying in V formation.
  • To quantify the energetic benefits of formation flight in birds.

Main Methods:

  • Imprinted great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) were trained to fly in a V formation.
  • Heart rates were measured as an indicator of energy expenditure during flight.

Main Results:

  • Pelicans flying in V formation demonstrated significant energy savings compared to solo flight.
  • This indicates a reduction in energy expenditure when maintaining optimal spacing within the group.

Conclusions:

  • Formation flight provides a substantial energetic advantage for large birds.
  • This advantage is a probable driving force behind the evolution of flight formations in migrating avian species.