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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
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Magnetic Force01:18

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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
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Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
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Magnetic carbon.

T L Makarova1, B Sundqvist, R Höhne

  • 1Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 194021 St Petersburg, Russia. tatiana.makarova@physics.umu.se

Nature
|October 19, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered strong magnetic signals in rhombohedral C60, a form of molecular carbon. This serendipitous finding reveals a magnetically ordered state with ferromagnetism at room temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanostructured carbon materials, including graphite and C60, exhibit diverse properties.
  • Superconductivity has been achieved in electron-doped graphite and C60, with transition temperatures up to 52 K.
  • Theoretical studies suggest potential for room-temperature superconductivity and ferromagnetism in pure graphite due to electronic instabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate superconductivity in polymerized C60.
  • To explore the magnetic properties of rhombohedral C60.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure, high-temperature polymerization process applied to C60.
  • Characterization of magnetic properties, including saturation magnetization, hysteresis, and temperature dependence.

Main Results:

  • A magnetically ordered state was unexpectedly observed in rhombohedral C60.
  • The material exhibits characteristics of ferromagnets, such as saturation magnetization and hysteresis at room temperature.
  • A Curie temperature near 500 K was indicated by temperature-dependent magnetization measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The high-pressure, high-temperature polymerization of C60 can lead to a magnetically ordered state.
  • Rhombohedral C60 demonstrates robust ferromagnetic properties at room temperature.
  • This discovery opens new avenues for exploring magnetic phenomena in carbon-based materials.