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On the London equations.

S Sternberg1

  • 1Mathematics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 15, 1992
PubMed
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Superconducting London equations were reformulated into relativistic form, revealing the Proca equation. This indicates that the electromagnetic field can function as its own charge carrier in superconductors.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • The London equations describe the electrodynamics of superconductors.
  • Relativistic formulations are crucial for unifying physical theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reformulate the classical London equations into a relativistic form.
  • To investigate the implications of this relativistic transformation for superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Expressing the London equations in differential form notation.
  • Recasting these equations into a relativistic framework.

Main Results:

  • The relativistic form of the London equations yields the Proca equation.
  • Demonstration that the electromagnetic field acts as its own charge carrier.

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Conclusions:

  • The Proca equation is a natural relativistic extension of superconducting electrodynamics.
  • This finding offers new theoretical insights into the fundamental nature of charge carriers in superconductors.