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Interactions between the nervous and immune systems.

W P Fehder1, S D Douglas

  • 1MCP Hahnemann University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry
|October 19, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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The nervous and immune systems communicate using shared molecules like cytokines and neuropeptides. This interaction is crucial in brain diseases and functions, challenging old ideas about immune privilege in the central nervous system.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Growing evidence highlights bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems.
  • Neuropeptides, cytokines, and hormones serve as a common chemical language for these systems.
  • The central nervous system (CNS) was traditionally considered immune-privileged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for neuro-immune system interactions.
  • To discuss the role of immune cells and their mediators in CNS health and disease.
  • To emphasize the significance of immune cell activity within the CNS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing morphologic and functional evidence.
  • Application of sophisticated immunologic techniques, including immune cell surface marker identification.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of immune cell activity in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Immune cells are active within the CNS, even with an intact blood-brain barrier.
    • Immune cells contribute to neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis) and trauma.
    • Peripheral immune cell mediators (cytokines, neuropeptides) influence CNS-mediated behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The nervous and immune systems exhibit complex reciprocal interactions.
    • Immune cell involvement in the CNS is significant in both physiological and pathological states.
    • Understanding these interactions is key to addressing neurological disorders.