[For an history of hospitals in Italy. The tipology and evolution of hospitals in XIX century]

In XIX century the modern hospital develops because of and by means of the scientific revolution in medicine, and, in particular, in clinics. In the new hospital the hippocratic praxis and the models of experimental medicine combine, together with mechanistic epistemology and the new general theory of illness, health and disease. The new medicine, founding on an anthropological view of life and death, links with a renewed political attention towards social events; the new idea of health proposes a new model for hospitalization in which doctores and manuales (specialists in surgery) meet. In Italy, the evolution of the hospital tipology develops through the century.