[With reference to the body anthropology: a human being]

Area of Science:

• Anthropology
• Philosophy of Mind
• Philosophy of Science

Context:

• Explores the age-old question of human constitution: soul and body as separate entities versus an inseparable whole.
• Contrasts historical dualist and monist perspectives on the mind-body problem.
• Highlights the shift in modern and postmodern thought towards a holistic view of humanity.

Purpose:

• To examine the evolving anthropological understanding of human existence.
• To investigate how phenomenology and cultural anthropology contribute to viewing the body as a whole (body-subject).
• To introduce the emergence of 'anthropology of body' as a new specialization.

Summary:

• The study addresses the philosophical and scientific debate on whether humans are composed of distinct soul and body or an integrated whole.
• It traces the intellectual shift from dualism to monism, emphasizing a holistic perspective.
• Introduces the concept of the body being shaped by biological order and historical/cultural contexts.

Impact:

• Suggests a new framework for understanding the human condition by integrating biological and socio-cultural influences.
• Promotes the 'anthropology of body' as a vital field for studying the multifaceted nature of human existence.
• Encourages interdisciplinary approaches to cognition and the human experience.