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The fetal alcohol syndrome.

K L Jones, D W Smith

    Teratology
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic alcohol use during pregnancy can cause fetal malformations, including growth deficiency and developmental delays. This pattern, recognized globally, may necessitate early pregnancy termination in severe cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Pediatrics
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • A distinct pattern of congenital malformations is observed in infants born to mothers with chronic alcohol consumption.
    • Historical and recent international studies confirm the global recognition of this specific syndrome.
    • Features of the disorder may correlate with observed brain malorientation in affected individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a recognized pattern of malformation in offspring of chronically alcoholic women.
    • To review historical and contemporary evidence of this syndrome.
    • To discuss potential neurological underpinnings and implications for pregnancy management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical medical literature.
    • Analysis of a recent French study involving 127 offspring of alcoholic mothers.
    • Clinical observation and autopsy findings of a patient with the syndrome.

    Main Results:

    • A specific syndrome characterized by prenatal growth deficiency, developmental delay, craniofacial anomalies, and limb defects is associated with maternal chronic alcohol use.
    • The syndrome has been observed across different geographical locations and historical periods.
    • Autopsy findings in one case suggested a link between malorientation of brain structure and the observed malformations.
    • Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 43% of pregnancies in chronically alcoholic women.

    Conclusions:

    • The described malformation syndrome in offspring of alcoholic mothers is a well-documented, globally recognized condition.
    • Neurological maldevelopment, specifically brain malorientation, is a likely component of the syndrome.
    • The high rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes warrants consideration of early pregnancy termination in severely affected chronic alcoholic women.

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