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Heroism is described as a characteristic feature of the medical workers throughout the world, and particularly those from the socialist countries where a new, imbued by deep humanism society is being constructed. On the basis of numerous facts recorded, the author illustrates the unheard of heroism and self-renunciation of hundreds and hundreds of medical workers from many countries during the fulfilling of their human duty toward the casualty victims under most different circumstances--in peace, wars, revolutions and various social catastrophies. Facts are set forth proving the outstanding heroism of Russian and Soviet medical workers, of Bulgarian, Yugoslav, Polish, Czechoslovak and other physicians, who dedicated their work and lives to the welfare of peoples and for the victory of humanism and communism.