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Related Experiment Videos

Turning a practice into a science: reconceptualizing postwar medical practice.

M Berg1

  • 1Department of Health Ethics and Philosophy, University Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Social Studies of Science
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Recent medical editorials highlight practice flaws, proposing decision-support techniques as solutions. This analysis reveals a shift in understanding medical science, moving from an artful application to a cognitive focus rooted in physician decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical practice analysis
  • History of medical thought
  • Cognitive science in medicine

Background:

  • Leading North American medical journals have recently published editorials identifying significant flaws in medical practice.
  • Decision-support techniques are frequently proposed as a solution to these identified problems.

Observation:

  • Analysis of postwar medical literature reveals divergent discourses on medical practice.
  • Focusing on medical editorials demonstrates various conceptions of the 'scientific nature' of medical action.

Findings:

  • A key shift is observed: earlier literature described medical action as an artful application of scientific knowledge, whereas recent conceptualizations attribute both the scientific nature and problems to the physician's cognition.
  • Different decision-support techniques reflect varying interpretations of scientific rationality within this new discourse.

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Implications:

  • The evolution of medical practice conceptualizations is linked to the development of cognitivist perspectives.
  • Decision-support techniques, intended as solutions, may be foundational to the emergence of cognitivist models in medicine.