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[Psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts in France between 1939 and 1945].

A de Mijolla

    Revue Internationale D'Histoire De La Psychanalyse
    |January 1, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary
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    During the German occupation, French psychoanalysis experienced a four-year silence, impacting theoretical and clinical work. Post-war, a new generation emerged, leading to significant psychoanalytic developments and institutional conflicts.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychoanalysis
    • Psychology
    • French intellectual history

    Context:

    • The German occupation of France (1940-1944) imposed a "psychoanalytic silence."
    • Key institutions like the Psychoanalytic Institute and the Revue française de psychanalyse ceased operations.
    • Prominent psychoanalysts either emigrated, engaged in resistance, or faced professional repercussions.

    Purpose:

    • To document the impact of the German occupation on French psychoanalysis.
    • To trace the key figures and events shaping the post-war psychoanalytic landscape in France.
    • To analyze the factors contributing to the 1953 schism within French psychoanalysis.

    Summary:

    • The psychoanalytic field in France was largely dormant during the occupation, with institutions closing and publications halting.

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  • Key figures like Sacha Nacht and Jacques Lacan emerged as leaders for a new generation after the war.
  • This period of latency and struggle culminated in significant theoretical advancements and institutional conflicts, including the 1953 schism.

    • Impact:

    • The post-war era saw a resurgence of psychoanalytic thought and practice in France.
    • The internal conflicts and differing leadership styles shaped the future trajectory of psychoanalysis in the country.
    • The legacy of this period influenced the development of psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice in France for decades.