[Two historical changes in the vicissitudes of Hungarian psychoanalysts in the forties]

Between 1940 and 1950, Hungarian history struck two blows at psychoanalysts--as a movement and in their personal lives. The paper relates several episodes from this period and briefly traces the birth and development of the "Budapest School". Between the two world wars, the small group of Hungarian analysts played a relatively important role in the international movement. During the years of Fascism it was in Hungary that psychoanalysis was able to survive the longest. But in 1944, a quarter of all the Hungarian analysts perished. After the war the analysts' activity was notable chiefly for its extensive nature but after a few years the Association was dissolved. The paper describes the analysts' problems and fluctuating fortunes and also their incessant efforts, inspired by the hope of a theoretical and practical renewal of Hungarian psycho-analysis.