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Sucrose diets increase glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose release and decrease glucokinase in hepatocytes.

M E Bizeau1, J S Thresher, M J Pagliassotti

  • 1University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. michael.bizeau@uchsc.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 20, 2001
PubMed
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A high-sucrose diet increases glucose release in liver cells by altering key enzymes. This dietary change impacts both periportal and perivenous hepatocytes, affecting glucose metabolism.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • High-sucrose diets are known to impair insulin action in the liver.
  • Understanding the impact of diet on hepatic glucose regulation is crucial for metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a high-sucrose diet on glucagon action in isolated periportal (PP) and perivenous (PV) hepatocytes.
  • To characterize changes in glycogenolysis and glucose release in response to glucagon.

Main Methods:

  • Male rats were fed either a high-sucrose (SU) or a starch (ST) diet for one week.
  • Hepatocytes were isolated from PP and PV regions and incubated with varying concentrations of glucagon.
  • Glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis and glucose release were measured, along with maximal activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase.

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Main Results:

  • Glucagon stimulation of glucose release and glycogenolysis was not significantly different between SU and ST cells.
  • However, SU-fed PP and PV hepatocytes showed increased basal glucose release compared to ST-fed cells.
  • Maximal glucose-6-phosphatase activity was elevated in SU cells, while maximal glucokinase activity was elevated in ST cells.

Conclusions:

  • A high-sucrose diet enhances the capacity for glucose release in both PP and PV hepatocytes.
  • Reciprocal changes in glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase activities contribute to altered glucose metabolism under a high-sucrose diet.