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Related Experiment Videos

Invited review: sex-based differences in gene expression.

H Ostrer1

  • 1Human Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. ostreh01@med.nyu.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors may explain why some diseases are more common in women. Researchers are investigating X-linked genes, Y-linked genes, and sex-limited gene expression to understand these sex-based health disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Sex-based disease prevalence
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Certain diseases exhibit higher prevalence in women compared to men.
  • The underlying causes for these sex-based differences in disease incidence remain largely unknown.
  • Potential contributing factors include genetic elements such as X-linked gene expression, Y-linked gene effects, and sex-limited gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential genetic underpinnings of sex-based disease prevalence.
  • To differentiate between genetic and hormonal influences on disease risk in males and females.
  • To identify candidate genes contributing to observed sex differences in disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing genetic data from individuals with and without genetic sex reversal to distinguish genetic from hormonal factors.

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  • Employing genetic linkage analysis to map genes associated with disease prevalence.
  • Utilizing gene expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes between sexes or conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • The study provides a framework for dissecting the contributions of genetic versus hormonal factors to sex-specific disease prevalence.
    • Candidate genes are proposed for further investigation based on their potential role in sex-based disease disparities.
    • Methodologies are established for identifying specific genetic variants or expression patterns linked to sex-biased disease outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors, including X-linked, Y-linked, and sex-limited gene expression, are plausible contributors to the higher prevalence of certain diseases in women.
    • Investigating individuals with genetic sex reversal, alongside genetic linkage and expression profiling, offers a robust approach to uncovering these genetic influences.
    • This research lays the groundwork for identifying specific genes that mediate sex differences in disease susceptibility, paving the way for targeted interventions.