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Three-dimensional transgenic cell model to quantify genotoxic effects of space environment
S R Gonda1, H Wu, P L Pingerelli
1Biotechnology Program, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Rd. 1, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|October 20, 2001
Summary
This study developed a 3D tissue model using NASA bioreactors for genotoxicity testing. The model accurately quantified DNA mutations induced by radiation, showing promise for space research.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Genotoxicology
- Space Biology
Background:
- Developing accurate models for genotoxicity assessment is crucial.
- Mammalian cell cultures in 3D environments offer more physiologically relevant data.
- NASA's rotating wall bioreactors provide a unique platform for tissue engineering.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create and validate a three-dimensional, multicellular tissue-equivalent model for genotoxicity assessment.
- To evaluate the model's response to radiation exposure.
- To explore its applicability in space-related damage studies.
Main Methods:
- Co-culturing genetically engineered Rat 2 lambda fibroblasts and human epithelial cells in NASA rotating wall bioreactors.
- Utilizing Cytodex beads and the High Aspect Ratio Bioreactor to form multicellular spheroids.
- Quantifying mutations using the Big Blue assay and sequencing after neon irradiation.
Main Results:
- Successfully generated multicellular spheroids with retained cell viability for 30 days.
- Demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between neon radiation and mutation induction.
- Observed an increase in deletions and multiple base changes with higher radiation doses.
Conclusions:
- The 3D multicellular tissue model produced in NASA bioreactors is effective for genotoxicity quantification.
- This model is suitable for assessing DNA damage, including that incurred during space missions.
- Further applications in toxicology and radiation biology are anticipated.
