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A retrospective on Cruzan.

Alan Meisel

    Law, Medicine & Health Care : a Publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine
    |January 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Cruzan decision did not weaken the legal consensus on ending life-sustaining treatment. This legal consensus regarding forgoing life-sustaining medical care remains strong post-Cruzan.

    Area of Science:

    • Legal Studies
    • Bioethics
    • Medical Law

    Background:

    • The 1990 Cruzan case was the first "right-to-die" case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court.
    • Significant speculation surrounded the potential impact of the Cruzan decision on established legal precedents.
    • Concerns existed that Cruzan might disrupt the evolving legal consensus on terminating life-sustaining medical treatment since the Karen Quinlan case in 1976.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the legal consensus on forgoing life-sustaining treatment that existed before the Cruzan decision.
    • To discuss the viability of this pre-Cruzan legal consensus in light of the Supreme Court's ruling.
    • To analyze subsequent judicial decisions in right-to-die cases and their impact on the legal consensus.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the Cruzan case.
    Keywords:
    Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of HealthDeath and EuthanasiaLegal Approach

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  • Review of state court decisions and legal scholarship concerning right-to-die litigation prior to Cruzan.
  • Examination of judicial decisions in right-to-die cases subsequent to Cruzan.
  • Assessment of the legal consensus's strength and viability post-Cruzan.

    • Main Results:

    • The Cruzan decision's impact on the legal consensus was less disruptive than initially feared.
    • Key aspects of the pre-Cruzan legal consensus regarding forgoing life-sustaining treatment remained viable.
    • Subsequent judicial decisions have, in many respects, reinforced the established legal principles.

    Conclusions:

    • The legal consensus on forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment has proven resilient.
    • Two years after Cruzan, the pre-existing legal consensus is considered stronger than ever.
    • The Cruzan decision did not fundamentally alter, but rather solidified, the legal framework for right-to-die cases.