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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: May 9, 2019
Leaving-Group Effects on Volumes of Activation for Dissociative Substitution Processes
1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2.
No abstract available in PubMed .
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Related Concept Videos
Leaving Groups
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.
In a nucleophilic...
SN2 Reaction: Transition State
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not observed.
Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H