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Cochlear damage resulting from kanamycin and furosemide.

R E Brummett, J Traynor, R Brown

    Acta Oto-Laryngologica
    |July 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Combined kanamycin and furosemide administration causes permanent cochlear damage in guinea pigs. This ototoxicity occurs even when individual drugs show no lasting effects, highlighting a dangerous drug interaction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ototoxicity and pharmacology
    • Auditory system research
    • Drug interaction studies

    Background:

    • Kanamycin and furosemide are known ototoxic agents.
    • Previous studies indicated potential for cochlear damage with these drugs individually at higher doses.
    • The synergistic ototoxic effect of combined administration was not fully characterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ototoxic potential of combined kanamycin and furosemide administration in guinea pigs.
    • To determine the specific conditions and severity of cochlear damage resulting from this drug combination.
    • To elucidate the interaction between kanamycin and furosemide leading to cochlear injury.

    Main Methods:

    • Guinea pigs were administered a single subcutaneous dose of kanamycin (400 mg/kg).
    • Two hours post-kanamycin, a single intravenous dose of furosemide (50-100 mg/kg) was administered.
    • Cochlear damage was assessed using auditory brainstem response (a.c. cochlear potential) measurements and surface preparation histology.

    Main Results:

    • Combined administration of kanamycin and furosemide resulted in permanent cochlear damage.
    • Furosemide alone (50-100 mg/kg) caused only transient effects.
    • Kanamycin alone (400 mg/kg) showed no detectable cochlear damage.
    • The severity of damage correlated with furosemide dosage.

    Conclusions:

    • The combination of kanamycin and furosemide exhibits a significant synergistic ototoxic effect.
    • This interaction leads to irreversible cochlear damage in guinea pigs, even when individual drugs are not overtly damaging.
    • Careful consideration of combined drug administration is crucial to prevent hearing loss.

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