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Nitric oxide: a pro-inflammatory mediator in lung disease?
A van der Vliet1, J P Eiserich, C E Cross
1Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. avandervliet@ucdavis.edu
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to lung injury in inflammatory respiratory diseases, potentially through peroxynitrite formation or other oxidative mechanisms. This commentary reviews recent evidence on NO's role in lung inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Elevated nitric oxide (NO) production and NO-dependent oxidative stress are hallmarks of respiratory tract inflammatory diseases.
- While NO exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, evidence suggests its contribution to lung injury in various disease models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent evidence and concepts regarding the presumed contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to inflammatory diseases of the lung.
Main Methods:
- This commentary focuses on recent evidence and concepts, rather than a comprehensive review of the extensive literature on NO generation and activities in the respiratory tract.
Main Results:
- Biochemical evidence often presumes NO-dependent oxidations result from peroxynitrite formation.
- Alternative mechanisms involving myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase may also contribute to lung injury during inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Recent evidence suggests nitric oxide (NO) plays a complex role in lung inflammation, potentially contributing to injury through oxidative mechanisms.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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