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Human interactions in space: results from Shuttle/Mir.

N Kanas1, V Salnitskiy, E M Grund

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, and the VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.

Acta Astronautica
|October 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Space crews showed stable mood and interpersonal perceptions throughout missions, contrary to expectations of declining well-being. Their work environment perceptions differed from Earth-based groups, but remained consistent over time.

Area of Science:

  • Space psychology
  • Human factors in aerospace
  • Crew dynamics

Background:

  • Anecdotal evidence and simulations suggest potential interpersonal environment decrements for space crews.
  • Concerns exist regarding crewmembers displacing tension and dysphoria to mission control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in interpersonal environment and mood for space crews.
  • To compare crew perceptions with Earth-based work groups.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 5 astronauts, 8 cosmonauts, and 58 mission control personnel from the Shuttle/Mir program.
  • Utilized Profile of Mood States, Group Environment Scale, and Work Environment Scale questionnaires weekly.
  • Collected data before, during, and after space missions.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Space Human FactorsNASA Experiment Number 9401628Non-NASA Center

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Main Results:

  • Little evidence for significant time effects on mood or interpersonal environment scales.
  • Astronauts showed an initial novelty effect in three subscales, which declined over time.
  • Crewmembers reported less dysphoria and perceived their environment as more constraining, cohesive, and leadership-guided than Earth groups.

Conclusions:

  • Minimal support for strong time-dependent effects on space crews' mood or group perceptions.
  • Space crews perceived their work environment distinctly from Earth-based counterparts.
  • Crewmembers maintained mood and group perception equanimity both in space and on the ground.