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Synthesis and Structures of Intramolecularly Base-Coordinated Group 15 Aryl Halides

Claire J. Carmalt1, Alan H. Cowley, Robert D. Culp

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.

Inorganic Chemistry
|June 18, 1997
PubMed

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Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.