Transplantation of new autologous biomaterials into jaw cleft

This study compared bone-marrow grafting using chondroid or fibula bone grafts transplanted into simulated alveolar bone defects in mice. The osteogenic procedure was also investigated. As an experimental model of the maxillary alveolar bone cleft, suitable for testing bone-inductive materials, a surgical trephine with a low-speed dental engine was used to form critical-sized defects in the pre-maxillary bones of male mice. Distraction osteogenesis was performed using an external fixation device. The osteotomy site was surrounded by an external callus, consisting of hyaline cartilage, that contained a large quantity of chondroid bone. Transplanted bone within chondroid bone was characterized by bone formation and remodelling 30 days post-transplantation, and bone adhesion following chondroid bone grafting was better than adhesion following fibula grafting. The present findings are the first to demonstrate the potential of chondroid bone transplantation as a new therapeutic system of bone grafting, suitable for bone substitution in craniofacial bone defects.