Leiomyoma of the genitourinary tract

To review our experience and the literature with respect to leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract with special emphasis on the role of the clinical presentation and imaging studies in the differential diagnosis.

During a period of 35 years in our department, five patients were treated with symptomatic leiomyomas, originating from the renal pelvis, bladder, urethra and epididymis. All the cases were diagnosed after exploration, excision and histological examination of the specimen. Following the presentation of the five cases of leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract, we reviewed the literature with special emphasis on the modern imaging techniques, differential diagnosis and treatment approach.

Complete excision followed by histological examination is the most reliable means of distinguishing leiomyoma from other more common and usually malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract.