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Dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases.

B Ludewig1, T Junt, H Hengartner

  • 1Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland. ludewigb@pathol.unizh.ch

Current Opinion in Immunology
|October 26, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Subclinical autoimmune responses are common, but sustained self-antigen presentation by dendritic cells is key for developing autoimmune diseases. Viral infections can lower the threshold for disease by increasing self-antigens and inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Subclinical autoimmune responses are frequent in healthy individuals.
  • Autoimmune diseases require sustained activation of autoreactive lymphocytes and ongoing tissue destruction.
  • Prolonged self-antigen presentation by dendritic cells is critical for developing destructive autoimmune disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss a simplified threshold model for autoimmune response magnitude.
  • To identify key parameters influencing the development of autoimmune disease.
  • To explore factors that lower the threshold for converting autoimmune responses to overt disease.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual modeling of autoimmune response thresholds.
  • Review of clinical and experimental evidence on antigen presentation.

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  • Analysis of factors influencing autoimmune disease development.

    • Main Results:

    • The magnitude of autoimmune response depends on the amount and duration of self-peptide presentation by dendritic cells.
    • Multiple factors influence the threshold for autoimmune response conversion to overt disease.
    • Viral infections can promote autoimmune disease by increasing self-antigens, causing bystander activation, and promoting chronic inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • Sustained dendritic cell presentation of self-antigens is a crucial step in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
    • A threshold model highlights the interplay between antigen load, presentation duration, and external factors like viral infections.
    • Understanding these factors is vital for developing strategies to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.