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Reactive and proactive aggression: attachment and social competence predictors.

R F Marcus1, C Kramer

  • 1Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA. rm10@umail.umd.edu

The Journal of Genetic Psychology
|October 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Secure attachment and prosocial skills in children (ages 3-8) were linked to both reactive and proactive aggression. Prosocial orientation explained the connection between attachment and reactive aggression.

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Area of Science:

  • Child psychology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Social-emotional development

Background:

  • Attachment theory highlights the importance of early relationships.
  • Social competence, including prosocial orientation, is crucial for child development.
  • Aggression in children is a significant concern with varied contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between attachment styles and social competence with aggression in young children.
  • To examine the mediating role of prosocial orientation in the link between attachment and aggression.

Main Methods:

  • Mothers rated 107 children (ages 3-8) on measures of reactive aggression, proactive aggression, secure/insecure attachment, and prosocial orientation/social initiative.
  • Statistical analyses were used to determine predictive and mediating relationships.

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Main Results:

  • Both secure attachment and prosocial orientation predicted higher levels of proactive and reactive aggression.
  • Prosocial orientation significantly mediated the relationship between attachment and reactive aggression.
  • This mediation effect was not found for proactive aggression.

Conclusions:

  • Early secure attachment and developed prosocial skills may be protective factors against reactive aggression, but not necessarily proactive aggression.
  • Prosocial orientation plays a key role in how attachment influences certain types of aggression in young children.
  • Findings underscore the complex interplay between social-emotional factors and aggressive behaviors in early childhood.