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Arsenic and liver disease.

D N Guha Mazumder1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|October 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Chronic arsenic exposure from contaminated water causes significant liver damage, predominantly non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. This study highlights the prevalence and nature of liver disease in affected individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hepatotoxicity of arsenic is known, but data on liver damage from chronic arsenic-contaminated water exposure are limited.
  • Hospital-based studies are crucial for understanding liver involvement in chronic arsenic toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and extent of liver damage in patients with chronic arsenic toxicity due to consuming arsenic-contaminated drinking water.
  • To correlate clinical findings, liver function tests, and liver histology with arsenic exposure levels.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical and laboratory examinations of 248 patients with chronic arsenic toxicity.
  • Liver function tests and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status assessment.
  • Liver biopsy in 69 patients and liver arsenic content estimation by neutron activation analysis in 29 patients.

Main Results:

  • Hepatomegaly observed in 76.6% of patients.
  • Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis was the predominant liver lesion (91.3%).
  • Elevated liver arsenic levels (mean 1.46 mg/kg) compared to controls (0.16 mg/kg).

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the largest cohort of patients with liver disease from chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated water.
  • Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis is the primary liver pathology in this population.
  • Findings support the link between long-term arsenic exposure and hepatic fibrosis.

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