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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120-specific antibodies in neonates receiving an HIV-1 recombinant

E J McFarland1, W Borkowsky, T Fenton

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. Betsy.mcfarland@uchsc.edu

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 27, 2001
PubMed

Insights

An accelerated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine schedule in infants generated a significant antibody response by 12 weeks. This shows promise for preventing mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are at risk of vertical transmission.
  • Developing effective vaccines is crucial for preventing pediatric HIV-1 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant gp120 vaccine with MF59 adjuvant in infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers.
  • To assess the efficacy of a standard and an accelerated vaccination schedule.

Main Methods:

  • Infants received low-, medium-, or high-dose gp120 vaccine with MF59 adjuvant or MF59 placebo at specified ages.
  • An accelerated schedule involved immunization at birth and 2, 8, and 20 weeks.
  • Anti-gp120 ELISA titers were measured at 24 weeks, with specific analysis at 12 weeks for the accelerated group.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine recipients showed higher anti-gp120 ELISA titers compared to placebo recipients at 24 weeks.
  • 87% of vaccinees developed a vaccine-induced antibody response.
  • Infants on the accelerated schedule had significantly higher antibody titers by 12 weeks (4949 vs. 551; P=.01), with 63% meeting response criteria.

Conclusions:

  • An accelerated gp120 vaccination schedule in infants elicits an antibody response distinct from maternal antibodies by 12 weeks.
  • These findings support further investigation of gp120 vaccine strategies to prevent mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission.

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