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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves
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Comparison of neonicotinoid insecticides for use with biodegradable and wooden spheres for control of key Rhagoletis

L L Stelinski1, O E Liburd, S Wright

  • 1Department of Entomology, Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.

Journal of Economic Entomology
|October 30, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Insecticide-treated spheres show promise for controlling apple and blueberry maggot flies. Imidacloprid-treated spheres were most effective, with effectiveness maintained over time, especially when combined with a feeding stimulant.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Pest Management
  • Insecticide Efficacy

Background:

  • Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) and blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis mendax) are significant pests in fruit production.
  • Current control methods may have environmental impacts or varying efficacy.
  • Novel delivery systems for insecticides are needed to improve pest management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance and duration of activity of insecticide-treated biodegradable and wooden spheres for controlling apple and blueberry maggot flies.
  • To compare the efficacy of different neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiocloprid) applied to spheres.
  • To assess the impact of aging and environmental factors on insecticide-treated sphere effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Field studies and laboratory bioassays were conducted using insecticide-treated biodegradable and wooden spheres.
  • Four neonicotinoid treatments (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiocloprid) at 2% active ingredient (AI) were applied to biodegradable spheres.
  • Sphere efficacy was assessed by monitoring fly mortality and residual activity after aging periods.

Main Results:

  • Imidacloprid-treated spheres demonstrated significantly higher efficacy in killing both apple and blueberry maggot flies compared to thiamethoxam, thiocloprid, and untreated controls in field trials.
  • Thiocloprid-treated spheres were largely ineffective.
  • Laboratory bioassays indicated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments maintained effectiveness for up to 12 weeks, with wooden spheres retaining residual activity better than biodegradable spheres after aging.
  • Addition of sucrose as a feeding stimulant significantly enhanced the effectiveness of imidacloprid-treated spheres.

Conclusions:

  • Imidacloprid-treated spheres, particularly wooden formulations, offer a promising and persistent control method for apple and blueberry maggot flies.
  • The addition of feeding stimulants can further enhance the efficacy of insecticide-treated spheres.
  • Biodegradable spheres may require further development to ensure long-term efficacy under field conditions.