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Related Concept Videos

Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
13:59

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Published on: June 14, 2012

Cell cycle roles for two 14-3-3 proteins during Drosophila development.

T T Su1, D H Parry, B Donahoe

  • 1MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tin.su@colorado.edu

Journal of Cell Science
|October 30, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Drosophila 14-3-3 epsilon and zeta proteins regulate cell cycle progression and mitosis timing. These proteins are crucial for cell proliferation, chromosome separation, and responding to DNA damage during development.

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08:05

Preparation of Drosophila Larval and Pupal Testes for Analysis of Cell Division in Live, Intact Tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Drosophila 14-3-3 epsilon and zeta proteins are involved in RAS/MAP kinase pathways.
  • 14-3-3 proteins are conserved in cell cycle checkpoint regulation across various systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Drosophila 14-3-3 proteins in cell cycle regulation.
  • To determine if cell proliferation during Drosophila development has distinct requirements for 14-3-3 epsilon and 14-3-3 zeta.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody staining to observe 14-3-3 protein localization during the cell cycle.
  • Utilizing mutants of cyclins, Cdk1, and Cdc25(string) to manipulate Cdk1 activity.
  • Analyzing phenotypes of 14-3-3 epsilon and 14-3-3 zeta mutants.

Main Results:

  • 14-3-3 protein localization shifts from cytoplasmic in interphase to perichromosomal in mitosis, coupled with Cdk1 activity and cell cycle stage.
  • 14-3-3 epsilon is essential for timing mitosis in normal cell cycles and delaying mitosis after irradiation.
  • 14-3-3 zeta is required for proper chromosome segregation during syncytial mitoses.

Conclusions:

  • Drosophila 14-3-3 proteins have cell-cycle-specific roles in regulating mitosis.
  • A model is proposed where 14-3-3 proteins suppress Cdk1 activity to control mitotic entry, block mitosis post-irradiation, and aid mitotic exit.