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Gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection
J B Domachowske1, C A Bonville, H F Rosenberg
1State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. domachoj@upstate.edu
Abstract:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. The respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely understood. Here we review our current understanding of these mucosal responses and discuss several genomic approaches, including differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene array strategies, that will permit us to unravel the nature of these responses in a more complete and systematic manner.
Insights
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) cause significant respiratory infections. Genomic approaches are essential for understanding cellular responses to these pneumoviruses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are significant human and rodent respiratory pathogens belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family.
- Viral infections trigger specific changes in respiratory epithelial cells, including altered gene expression related to immune responses and apoptosis.
- The complete molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular responses to pneumovirus infection are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of mucosal immune responses to RSV and PVM infections.
- To discuss genomic strategies for systematically analyzing these host-pathogen interactions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on RSV and PVM pathogenesis and host responses.
- Discussion of genomic techniques such as differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene array analysis.
Main Results:
- Viral infection induces chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, and apoptosis-related factors in respiratory epithelial cells.
- Genomic approaches offer a comprehensive and systematic way to identify and understand these virus-induced gene expression changes.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of host cellular responses to pneumoviruses is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Genomic strategies are powerful tools for unraveling the complex gene expression alterations during RSV and PVM infections.