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Effects of anesthetic doses of morphine on renal function in the dog
Abstract:
Renal effects of anesthetic doses of morphine (2 mg./kg.) administered intravenously (I.V.) were determined in 15 mongrel dogs before and after addition of 50 percent nitrous oxide (N2O). Morphine significantly increased urine osmolarity and decreased urine output, free-water clearance, and arterial blood pressure, but did not affect inulin or para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances. Addition of N2O did not significantly change arterial blood pressure and inulin clearance but did decrease urine osmolarity and osmolar and PAH clearances. These data demonstrate that, in contrast to man, anesthetic doses of morphine have significant antidiuretic properties in the dog.
Insights
Anesthetic morphine doses caused significant antidiuretic effects in dogs, increasing urine concentration and decreasing urine output. Nitrous oxide addition further reduced urine osmolarity and clearance, highlighting species-specific renal responses to these anesthetics.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Anesthetic agents can influence renal function.
- Morphine is a common anesthetic, but its renal effects in dogs are not fully understood.
- Nitrous oxide is often used in combination with other anesthetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the renal effects of anesthetic doses of morphine in dogs.
- To determine if nitrous oxide alters the renal effects of morphine.
Main Methods:
- 15 mongrel dogs received intravenous morphine (2 mg/kg).
- Renal function was assessed before and after morphine administration.
- The effects of adding 50% nitrous oxide were also evaluated.
- Parameters measured included urine osmolarity, urine output, free-water clearance, arterial blood pressure, inulin clearance, and para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance.
Main Results:
- Morphine significantly increased urine osmolarity and decreased urine output, free-water clearance, and blood pressure.
- Morphine did not affect inulin or PAH clearances.
- Nitrous oxide did not alter blood pressure or inulin clearance but decreased urine osmolarity, osmolar clearance, and PAH clearance.
Conclusions:
- Anesthetic doses of morphine exhibit significant antidiuretic properties in dogs.
- Nitrous oxide modifies these renal effects, further impacting urine concentration and clearance.
- These findings contrast with known effects in humans, indicating species-specific renal responses to morphine anesthesia.