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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

Unrecognized myocardial infarction.

S E Sheifer1, T A Manolio, B J Gersh

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3700 Joseph Siewick Drive, Suite 102, Fairfax, VA 22033, USA.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|November 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

At least one-fourth of myocardial infarctions go unrecognized. Unrecognized heart attacks have similar risk factors and mortality rates to detected ones, highlighting a significant public health issue.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Myocardial infarctions (MIs) that escape clinical recognition represent a significant, yet understudied, aspect of cardiovascular disease.
  • Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of these silent MIs is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, predisposing factors, and prognosis of clinically unrecognized myocardial infarctions.
  • To synthesize data from epidemiologic studies, basic science investigations, and review articles on this topic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review incorporating epidemiologic studies, basic science investigations, and existing review articles.
  • Analysis of demographic characteristics, coronary risk factor profiles, and mortality rates associated with unrecognized MIs.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-fourth of all myocardial infarctions are clinically unrecognized.
  • Demographics and coronary risk factors for unrecognized MIs are similar to those of recognized MIs.
  • Impaired symptom perception and potentially patient/physician risk perception contribute to lack of recognition; mortality rates are comparable between recognized and unrecognized MIs.

Conclusions:

  • Clinically unrecognized myocardial infarctions are common and share similar risk profiles and outcomes with recognized MIs.
  • Further research is needed on screening, risk stratification, and optimal post-infarction therapies for patients with unrecognized MIs.
  • Addressing unrecognized MIs is essential due to their substantial public health implications.