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Related Experiment Videos

Physiology and endocrine changes underlying human lactogenesis II.

M C Neville1, J Morton

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. peggy.neville@uchsc.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|November 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone withdrawal triggers lactogenesis stage II, enabling copious milk production. Delayed milk secretion can occur due to stressful births or diabetes, potentially linked to inhibited mammary alveolar function.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Lactation Physiology

Background:

  • Lactogenesis stage II, the onset of copious milk secretion, is a critical postpartum event.
  • This process involves significant changes in milk composition and volume within the first four days after childbirth.
  • Hormonal regulation, particularly progesterone withdrawal alongside prolactin and cortisol, is key to initiating milk production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the evidence on the hormonal triggers for lactogenesis stage II.
  • To identify factors associated with delayed lactogenesis and poor lactation outcomes.
  • To explore potential mechanisms behind lactation failure, such as mammary alveolar inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing scientific evidence on lactogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of hormonal profiles (prolactin, cortisol, progesterone) related to parturition and milk production.
  • Examination of clinical factors influencing lactation, including delivery stress and diabetes.

    • Main Results:

    • Progesterone withdrawal at parturition, with high prolactin and adequate cortisol, triggers lactogenesis stage II.
    • Stressful deliveries and poorly controlled diabetes are associated with delayed lactogenesis.
    • Failure in early colostrum removal correlates with high milk sodium and predicts poor lactation success.

    Conclusions:

    • Hormonal shifts, primarily progesterone withdrawal, are essential for initiating robust milk production.
    • Factors like delivery complications and inadequate colostrum removal can impede lactogenesis.
    • Accumulation of inhibitory substances in the mammary alveolus is a potential cause for lactation failure despite appropriate hormonal cues.