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Caffeine intoxication in a premature neonate.

E Ergenekon¹, N Dalgiç, E Aksoy

¹Gazi University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ebruergenekon@ttnet.net.tr

Paediatric Anaesthesia

|November 7, 2001

Summary

Accidental caffeine overdose in a preterm infant caused agitation, rapid heart rate, and metabolic issues. Symptoms resolved within 96 hours with supportive care, highlighting the need for careful dosing of this apnea medication.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal Pharmacology
Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

Caffeine citrate is a standard treatment for apnea of prematurity in preterm infants.
While generally safe, caffeine has a narrow therapeutic index, with potential for toxicity.

Observation:

A 30-day-old, 28-week preterm neonate accidentally ingested 300 mg/kg of caffeine base.
The infant presented with agitation, irritability, tachycardia, tachypnea, diuresis, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis.

Findings:

The neonate received supportive treatment for caffeine intoxication.
No seizure activity was observed during the intoxication period.
All symptoms resolved completely within 96 hours post-ingestion.

Implications:

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This case underscores the critical importance of accurate medication dosing in neonates.

It highlights the potential for severe adverse effects from caffeine overdose in preterm infants.

Supportive care is effective in managing caffeine toxicity, even at high doses.