Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Genome Copying Errors

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Lung cancer in Argentina: a modelling study of disease and economic burden.

Public health·2024

Same author

Comparative effectiveness of antitumour necrosis factor agents, biologics with an alternative mode of action and tofacitinib in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Switzerland.

RMD open·2020

Same author

Long-term immunogenicity after yellow fever vaccination in immunosuppressed and healthy individuals.

Vaccine·2020

Same author

Smoking and response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: results from an international European collaboration.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2018

Same author

Distinct expression of interleukin (IL)-36α, β and γ, their antagonist IL-36Ra and IL-38 in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2015

Same author

[Soft tissue rheumatic disorders: important for general practice].

Revue medicale suisse·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Published on: April 16, 2013

Asynchronous replication and allelic exclusion in the immune system.

R Mostoslavsky¹, N Singh, T Tenzen

¹Department of Cellular Biochemistry & Human Genetics, and Experimental Medicine & Cancer Research, PO Box 12272, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

|November 9, 2001

Summary

Mature B cell development relies on allelic exclusion to select a single antigen receptor. DNA replication timing acts as an epigenetic mark, favoring early-replicating alleles for rearrangement, similar to X chromosome inactivation.

More Related Videos

Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Published on: June 10, 2017

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffy Coats via High Throughput Immunomagnetic Bead Separation

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffy Coats via High Throughput Immunomagnetic Bead Separation

Published on: July 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Published on: April 16, 2013

Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Published on: June 10, 2017

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffy Coats via High Throughput Immunomagnetic Bead Separation

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffy Coats via High Throughput Immunomagnetic Bead Separation

Published on: July 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Epigenetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

B cell development requires expressing a single antigen receptor, necessitating allelic exclusion.
Allelic exclusion ensures one receptor type is chosen from two available alleles.
Epigenetic mechanisms, potentially predating gene rearrangement, may govern allelic choice.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate DNA replication timing as a mechanism for distinguishing between alleles.
Understand the epigenetic basis of allelic exclusion in B cell receptor gene loci.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA replication timing in B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) loci.
Examining asynchronous replication patterns in immune receptor genes.

Main Results:

B-cell-receptor loci (mu, kappa, lambda) and TCRbeta locus exhibit asynchronous replication.
This asynchronous replication pattern is established early in development and clonally maintained.
The early-replicating allele is preferentially selected for initial rearrangement.

Conclusions:

Asynchronous DNA replication serves as an epigenetic mark for allelic exclusion.
This process is crucial for selecting the initially rearranged allele in B cells.
Allelic exclusion in the immune system may share similarities with X chromosome inactivation.