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The systematic discrepancy between A' for overall recognition and remembering: a dual-process account.

I G Dobbins1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA. ian@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Signal detection models of recognition are challenged by the distinction between remembering and knowing. New analysis shows that accuracy for remembering can deviate from overall recognition, highlighting limitations of simple models.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Traditional signal detection models assume a single memory strength continuum for recognition.
  • These models struggle to account for distinct subjective experiences like remembering versus knowing.
  • Existing metrics may not fully capture the nuances of recognition memory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systematic deviations in accuracy metrics for recognition memory, specifically distinguishing remembering from knowing.
  • To test a dual-process model predicting these deviations based on the proportion of remember responses.
  • To evaluate the suitability of various accuracy metrics and their underlying assumptions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of meta-analytic and individual subject data using the A' accuracy metric.

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  • Application of multiple regression to Monte Carlo simulations and experimental datasets.
  • Comparison of predictions from dual-process models against established signal detection models (e.g., high-threshold, equal-variance, unequal-variance).

    • Main Results:

    • Empirical receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for recognition memory are asymmetric and plastic, unlike the rigid ROCs assumed by simpler models.
    • The magnitude of deviation in accuracy for remembering systematically varied with the proportion of remember reports, confirming dual-process model predictions.
    • Simpler signal detection models failed to consistently mirror the data without ad hoc assumptions about criterion placement.

    Conclusions:

    • The systematic failure of constrained recognition models provides valuable data for developing more complex, dual-process accounts.
    • Single-point accuracy measures are insufficient for summarizing recognition performance across conditions or groups.
    • Remember rates offer unique insights into individual recognition memory processes beyond overall hit and false alarm rates.