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Impact of multiple injections on immunization rates among vulnerable children

M S Kolasa1, T J Petersen, E W Brink

  • 1Immunization Services Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mkolasa.cdc.gov

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 10, 2001
PubMed

Insights

New infant vaccination schedules using inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) led to higher immunization coverage by 12 months. Provider and parent acceptance of increased injections was high.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • In 1997, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) updated infant vaccination guidelines.
  • Recommendations included switching from oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and adopting diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP).
  • These changes increased the number of infant injections at 2- and 4-month visits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the implementation of new IPV and DTaP vaccination recommendations.
  • To assess the impact of these changes on infant immunization coverage levels.

Main Methods:

  • Immunization coverage was analyzed in public clinics across three urban areas.
  • Data was collected before and after the 1997 recommendations.
  • One pre-recommendation and three post-recommendation infant cohorts were tracked up to 12 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Pre-recommendation infants primarily received OPV and DTP with 1-2 injections.
  • Post-recommendation infants predominantly received IPV and DTaP, involving 3-4 injections.
  • Immunization coverage up-to-date at 12 months was slightly higher in the post-recommendation cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers quickly adopted IPV and DTaP, replacing OPV and DTP.
  • Infants receiving IPV/DTaP showed higher 12-month coverage compared to OPV/DTP recipients.
  • High acceptance of four injections per visit was observed among providers and parents, prompting assessment of acceptance for potential future five-injection schedules.
Abstract

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