Ultrasound processing and computing: review and future directions

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Ultrasound Technology
• Signal Processing

Background:

• Diagnostic ultrasound has evolved significantly since the 1950s, with established modes like B-mode, color-flow, and spectral Doppler in widespread clinical use.
• Emerging ultrasound applications, including panoramic, three-dimensional (3D), and quantitative imaging, are gaining traction on commercial systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review algorithms, processing demands, and challenges associated with advanced ultrasound imaging modes.
• To examine the shift from hardware-based implementations to programmable processors for new ultrasound applications.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of algorithms and processing requirements for various ultrasound imaging modes.
• Comparison of implementation strategies for mature (B-mode, color-flow) versus emerging (3D, quantitative) ultrasound applications.
• Evaluation of the benefits of programmable processors in modern ultrasound systems.

Main Results:

• Mature ultrasound modes (B-mode, color-flow) were often implemented using hardwired components.
• Newer applications like 3D imaging and image feature extraction increasingly utilize programmable processors.
• The trend favors programmable ultrasound machines for rapid development and adaptability.

Conclusions:

• Programmable processors are crucial for the efficient implementation of novel ultrasound applications.
• The flexibility of programmable ultrasound systems allows for adaptation to evolving clinical requirements.
• The future of diagnostic ultrasound lies in adaptable, programmable platforms for advanced imaging techniques.